C语言函数初二英语复习 c语言考试常用函数

初二上英语复习提纲

二、选择填空：

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1. Look! LiPing and Li Ying ________ basketball now.

A. play B. played C. are playing D. will play

2. What did you do last night?

I did my homework and _______TV.

A. watch B. watched C. am watching

3. Can I______ this book?

A. have B. has C. having

4. I to music at 7:00 every morning.

A. listen B. listening C. listening

5. What ______ that in the box? A shirt.

A. am B. is C. are D. be

6. Did your father his friend on the 5th of October?

A. called B. call C. is calling

7. Where you last night?

A. was B. are C. were

8. Can I TV? Sure.

A. watching B. watch C. see

9、She like summer.

A. doesn't B. don't C. isn't.

10. Here the money.

A. are B. is C. am D. was

11. There _______ a table and two chairs in Jenny’s room.

A. am B. is C. are D. were

附：参考答案

二、1-5 CBAAB 6-11 BCBABB

三、is swimming ,were,played,are

常用语用法

1.Hello 的用法：

Hello 的意思为“您好” ，一般可作为熟人，亲朋好友之间的打招呼用语,语气比较随便，例如：

Hello,Li Hua!你好，李华。

Hello,Tom!你好，汤姆！

Hello 也可以用以引起某人注意，常用在打电话时或者在路上碰见熟人时,相当于中文中的“喂”，有时也可用Hi 来代替hello ，但前者显得更随便。

2.What's your name?的用法：

当两人初次见面互相询问姓名时，可用What's your name来提问，回答时，可用My name is ….来回答,也可用I'm ….来回答接着反问对方时，可用And what's your name?来提问。例如：

Hi!What's your name?

Hi!My name is Lucy.And what's your name?

My name is Wang Ying.

你好，你叫什么名字？

你好，我叫露西。你叫什么名字？—— 我叫王英。

句中的What's是What is的缩写形式。

3.Good morning,class (teacher).的用法:

Good morning,class.同学们好。

Good morning，teacher.老师好。

这是上午上课时，老师和全班同学互相问候时用语。Good morning 是上午问候时的用语，多用于熟人，朋友或家人之间，是比较正式的问候用语。句中问候语放在前面，称呼语则要放在后面，并用逗号隔开。例如：

Good morning.Mr.White.怀特先生，你好。

4.英语字母：

英语中有26个字母，每一字母有大写形式和小写形式两种。大小写形式如下：

Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii

Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr

Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz

1.Are you…？的用法。

这是一疑问句型，意思是“你是……吗？”用来询问姓名，职业，身份等，例如：

Are you a worker?你是一名工人吗？

Are you a student?你是学生吗？

回答时用Yes,I am.（是的，我是。）或者No,I'm not.（不，我不是）来回答，注意Yes和No后面都有逗号，不能省略。

2.Nice to meet you.的用法：

这是两位初次见面相识后的用语，意思是“见到你很高兴。”见面相识可由自我介绍，第三者介绍或者询问相识。例如：

Hello!I'm Xiao Hua.

Hello!I'm Xiao Li.

Nice to meet you,Xiao Li.

Nice to meet you,too,Xiao Hua.

你好：我是小华

你好：我是小李。

小李：见到你我很高兴。

小华：见到你我也很高兴。

3.Where is …?的用法：

这一句型表示“某物或某人在什么地方”。它同中文的句型结构不一样，where在前，而某物或某人在后，例如：

Where is my book?

我的书在哪儿？

It's there.

在这儿。

Where is Tom?

Tom在哪儿？

He is here.

他在这儿。

句中的where is可以缩写成“where's”。

4.am,is和are 的用法：

这三个词都是“是”的含义，但用法比中文中的“是”要复杂，英语中的am,is 和are都是be 的变化形式，根据不同的主语选用不同的动词，主语I 用am,表示复数的主语和单数“you”则要用are,其它则用is。

I am a teacher.我是教师。

You are a worker.你是一个工人。

You are students.你们是学生。

She is Miss Gao.她是高小姐。

This book is mine.这本书是我的。

【与熟人打招呼】：

英美人一天中见面都要打招呼，根据一天中不同的时间选用不同的说法，早上和上午时说Good morning，下午时说，Good afternoon，晚上见面时则要说Good evening。对方也用相同的问候语来回答。例如：

Good morning,Mr.Green.

Good morning,Miss Li.

【“Sorry” 的用法】：

Sorry 表示“对不起”或“抱歉”，用于对自己的过错，失误，不能做某事或者不能提供对方的请求时常用sorry或者I'm sorry来表示。例如：

Can you spell your name?你能拼一下你的名字吗？

I'm sorry.I can't.对不起，我不能。

What's the time,please?请问几点钟了？

Sorry,I don't know.对不起，我不知道。

【Excuse me 的用法】：

这是用于向某人询问一件事或提出请求而打扰某人时的用语。意思是“对不起”，“请问”。例如：

Excuse me!Where is my bag?对不起，我的包在哪儿呢？

Excuse me!Are you Teacher Wang?对不起，请问你是王老师吗？

【What's …的用法】：

这个句型用于询问某人叫什么或者某个东西是什么，例如：

What's this?It's a book.

这是什么？这是一本书。

What's your name?你叫什么名字？

My name is Lucy.我叫露西.

[编辑本段]名词

名词可分为专有名词与普通名词，可数名词与不可数名词，简单名词与复合名词。学习本章后要求学员掌握可数名词复数的变化形式，特别是名词的不规则复数形式的变化；掌握复合名词的复数形式；掌握名词所有格的构成及用法；注意区分可数名词与不可数名词。

名词是表示人,事物,地点或抽象概念的名称。

例如：

desk 桌子 time 时间 life 生活 book 书本 room 房间 city 城市 worker 工人 pencil 铅笔 computer 计算机

名词分为专有名词和普通名词

专有名词: 表示具体的人,事物,地点或机构的专有名称。

China 中国 Asia 亚洲 Beijing 北京

普通名词: 表示某些人,某类事物,某种物质或抽象概念的名称。例如:

teacher 老师 tea 茶 reform 改革

普通名词又可进一步分为四类

1) 个体名词（Individual Nouns）:表示单个的人和事物。

horse 马 car 汽车 room 房间 apple 苹果 fan 风扇 picture 照片

2) 集体名词（Collective Nouns）: 表示一群人或一些事物的名称。

people 人们 family 家庭 army 军队 government政府 group 集团

3) 物质名词（Material Nouns）:表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的物质。

fire 火 steel 钢 air 空气 water 水 milk 牛奶

4)抽象名词（Abstract Nouns）:表示动作,状态,品质或其他抽象概念。

labour 劳动 health 健康 life 生活 friendship友情 patience耐力

名词又可分为可数名词（Countable Nouns）和不可数名词（Uncountable Nouns）。

_______________________________________

专有名词

个体名词

可数名词

集体名词

普通名词

物质名词

不可数名词

抽象名词

可数名词有单,复数之分,表示一个或多个。

a book 一本书 two books 两本书

不可数名词：不分单,复数；抽象名词, 物质名词和专有名词一般是不可数名词。

sand 沙 sugar 糖

有少数名词即可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词,但含义不同。

glass 玻璃 glass 玻璃杯 paper 纸 paper 报纸,文件

名词的功能

名词在句中作主语, 宾语,介词宾语,宾语补助语,表语以及名词短语作状语。

The bag is in the desk. bag 作主语。

书包在桌子里边。

I washed my clothes yesterday. clothes 作宾语。

昨天我洗了我的衣服。

This is a good book. book 作表语。

这是一本好书。

We elected him our monitor. monitor作宾语补助语。

我们选他为我们的班长。

Mary lives with her parents. parents作介词宾语.

玛丽和她的父母亲住在一起。

He is a Party member. Party 作定语.

他是一名党员。

They study hard all the day.

他们白天黑夜地学习。

名词的数

英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式, 表示一个人或事物用单数形式, 表示一个以上的人或事物用复数形式。

a book 一本书 two books 两本书 a bag 一个包 three bags 三个包

名词的单数形式就是词典上所出现的形式,没有变化, 如: a pen, a bed, a room, an English book。

名词的复数形式,多数名词的复数形式在其单数形式后面加 -s 或 -es 构成,名词复数形式变化如下。

1) 一般情况下,在词尾加 -s. 例如:

bags，maps，pens，desks，workers

2) 名词以 [s],[z],[x],[t],[d]（也就是以sh，ch，s，x等结尾的）等音结尾在其后加 -es, 如词尾已有 e ,只加-s。

clothes， boxes， buses， horses， watches，dishes

3) 名词以 -f 或 -fe 结尾的,把 -f 或-fe 变成 -ves.

bookshelves， wives， knives

4) 名词以辅音+y 结尾的,变 y 为 i ,再加 es。

cities，babies， factories.

5) 名词以+ o 结尾的,有生命的，如potato，则加-es；无生命的，如photo，则直接加s。

极少数名词虽然以-o 或者-f 结尾, 变成复数则只加 -s,为数不多, 如 radios pianos photos roofs 等。

英语中有些名词的复数形式是不规则的,需要一一记忆常见的有，

man - men woman - women foot - feet tooth - teeth mouse - mice ox - oxen sheep - sheep deer - deer fish - fish

名词复数的不规则变化

1）child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth

mouse---mice man---men woman---women

注意：与 man 和 woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。

如： an Englishman，two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；Bowman是姓，其复数是the Bowmans。

2）单复同形 如：

deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese

li，jin，yuan，two li，three mu，four jin

但除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:

a dollar, two dollars; a pound, two pounds, a franc, two francs

3）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。

如： people police cattle 等本身就是复数，不能说 a people，a police，a cattle，但可以说

a person，a policeman，a head of cattle,the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss 等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用。

如： The Chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。

4）以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如：

a. maths，politics，physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。

b. news 是不可数名词。

c. the United States，the United Nations 应视为单数。

The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。

d. 以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。

"The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book.

一千零一夜是一本非常有趣的故事书。

5) 表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses (眼镜) trousers, clothes

若表达具体数目，要借助数量词 pair(对，双); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers

6） 另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如：goods货物，waters水域，fishes（各种）鱼

定语名词的复数

名词作定语一般用单数，但也有以下例外。

1) 用复数作定语。

如：sports meeting 运动会

students reading-room 学生阅览室

talks table 谈判桌

the foreign languages department 外语系

2) man, woman, gentleman等作定语时，其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。

如：men workers women teachers

gentlemen officials

3) 有些原有s结尾的名词，作定语时，s保留。

如：goods train (货车)

arms produce 武器生产

customs papers 海关文件

clothes brush衣刷

4) 数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式。

如：two-dozen eggs 两打/（二十四个鸡蛋)

a ten-mile walk 十里路

two-hundred trees 两百棵树

a five-year plan. 一个五年计划

个别的有用复数作定语的，如： a seven-years child

英语中有些名词总是以复数形式出现。

scissors 剪刀 goods 货物 trousers 裤子 clothes 衣服 glasses 玻璃杯

不可数名词量的表示

1）物质名词

a. 当物质名词转化为个体名词时。

比较： Cake is a kind of food. 蛋糕是一种食物。 (不可数)

These cakes are sweet. 这些蛋糕很好吃。 (可数)

b. 当物质名词表示该物质的种类时，名词可数。

This factory produces steel. (不可数)

We need various steels. (可数)

c. 当物质名词表示份数时，可数。

Our country is famous for tea.

我国因茶叶而闻名。

Two cups of tea, please.(可数,但是CUP可数,不是茶可数.)

请来两杯茶。

2） 抽象名词有时也可数。

four freedoms 四大自由

the four modernizations四个现代化

物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量。

如：

a glass of water 一杯水

a piece of advice 一条建议

不同国家的人的单复数

名称 总称(谓语用复数） 一个人 两个人

中国人 the Chinese a Chinese two Chinese

瑞士人 the Swiss a Swiss two Swiss

澳大利亚人the an two

Australians Australian Australians

俄国人 the Russians a Russian two Russians

意大利人 the Italians an Italian two Italians

希腊人 the Greek a Greek two Greeks

法国人 the French a Frenchman two

Frenchmen

日本人 the Japanese a Japanese two Japanese

美国人 the Americans an American two Americans

印度人 the Indians an Indian two Indians

加拿大人 the Canadians a Canadian two Canadians

德国人 the Germans a Germans two Germans

英国人 the English an Englishman two

Englishmen

瑞典人 the Swedish a Swede two Swedes

名词的格

在英语中,名词的格有三个,主格,宾格和所有格。它们的形式及其变化表示与其他词的关系。实际上, 主格和宾格通过它在句中的作用和位置来确定。

The bird is in the tree. 鸟在树上。 bird 作主语, 是主格。

I saw a film yesterday. 昨天我看了一场电影。 film 作宾语,是宾格。

名词的所有格:

名词中表示所有关系的形式叫做名词所有格。

Lu Xun's book is worth reading.

鲁迅的书值得一读。

This is my father's room.

这是我父亲的房间。

以-s 或 -es 结尾的复数名词的所有格只在名词后加 “ ' ”。

There are many students' exercise books here.

这儿有许多学生的练习本。

复合名词的所有格 " 's " 加在后面的名词之后.

This is my son-in-law's bike.

这是我女婿的自行车。

如果一样东西为两人共有,则只在后一个名词后加 " 's "。

We visited Xiao Li and Xiao Zhang's room.

我们参观了小李和小张的房间。

名词所有格所修饰的词,有时可以省略。如前文已经提到,或者指地点。

The book is not mine, but Li Hua's.

这本书不是我的，是李华的。

I had my hair cut in the barber's.

我在理发店理发了。

名词的双重所有格

物主代词不可与 a, an, this, that, these, those, some, any, several, no, each, every, such, another, which等词一起前置，修饰一个名词，而必须用双重所有格。

公式为：

a, an, this, that +名词+of +名词性物主代词。如：

a friend of mine.

each brother of his.

1.双重所有格是由非生物的所有格(即of+名词)与生物的所有格(如mother's, Tom's等)共同构成的。

2.双重所有格的形式可为名词+of+名词的所有格,其中of后面的生物的所有格之后的名词被省略;也可为名词+of+所有代名词。

Tom, Mike, and Mary were classmates of Stephen's.

汤姆,迈克和玛丽是史迪文的同学。

在生物的所有格Stephen's之后,省略了名词classmates, 生物的所有格所代表的同学的数量超过此文提到过的三人。

Mr. Green and Mr. Brown are neighbors of mine.

格林先生和布朗先生是我的邻居。

of之后的所有代名词=所有形容词my+名词neighbors,它所代表的邻居的数量超过此文提到过的两人。

3.双重所有格多由a, an, this, that, these, those, any, some, each, every, many, more, most, either, neither, no, much, another, several, enough, such, one, two等冠词、指示形容词、不定形容词、数量词或疑问形容词which+名词+of+名词的所有格或所有代名词构成。

He is a teacher of my sister's.

他是我妹妹的一位老师。

2) 表示无生命东西的名词所有格,一般与 of 构成短语表示前者属于后者。

It's a map of China.

它是一幅中国画。

I forgot the tittle of the film.

我忘记电影名字了。

Beijing is the capital of China.

北京是中国的首都。

名词的性

英语名词如果从生物学的自然性别角度来分析,可分为四种性,阳性,阴性,通性和中性。一般来说绝大多数名词没有性的词性变化形式。英语名词大部分都是中性的。对于一些代表性的英语名词，则用不同的英语名词来表示,而不是用一个词的词形变化来表示。例如

阳性: 表示男人或雄性动物的名词有，

father man boy

阴性: 表示女人或雌性动物的名词有，

mother woman girl

通性: 表示某一类别的名称,而不强调性别。

children baby friend animal fish

中性: 表示无生命的物质名称和抽象名称，

desk pen chair room

英语名称分类繁杂,它的单,复数问题,以及可数还是不可数问题直接影响谓语动词,冠词,代词的使用。请注意下列几个问题。

名称作主语时,谓语动词必须和它的主语人称,数相一致.

These books are mine, not yours.

这些书是我的，不是你的。

Miss Li teaches us English.

李小姐教我们英语。

注意事项

集体名称作主语时,谓语动词可用单数,也可用复数。用单数是把集体名称看作整体,用复数是把集体名称看作整体中的组成部分或各成员。

His family is large.

他家人很多。

His family are all teachers

他的家人都是教师。

动词用复数.

We Chinese people are brave and hardworking.

我们中国人民勤劳而勇敢。

下列名词 news mathematics physics polities 等名称作主语时,谓语动词用单数。

The good news is that we have passed the exam.

好消息是我们通过了考试。

下列名词 goods scissors trousers eyeglasses scales 作主语时,谓语动词用复数。

Do you know where my trousers are?

你知道我的裤子在哪儿吗？

用 and 连接的名词作主语,谓语动词用复数。

She and her sister are in the same school.

她和她的妹妹在同一个学校。

There be 句型中,谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。

There are two apples and one egg in it.

这里边有两个苹果和一个鸡蛋。

as well as 和名词连用时,谓语动词和第一个名词相一致。

He as well as I is responsible for it.

不但是我，他对这件事也有责任。

either...or， neither...nor， not only...but also 连接名词时,谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。

Either you or he has to hand in the report.

不是你就是他得把报告交上来。

[编辑本段]冠词

冠词置于名词之前，用来说明名词所指的人或事物，它不能离开名词而单独存在。英语冠词有：

1. 定冠词：主要功用为特指，表示同类中的某一人或某一类人和物。

2. 不定冠词：主要功用为泛指，指某类人或物中的任何一个或某一个。

3. 零冠词：它是名词中的一种无形冠词，用在一般所谓的不定冠词的场合。有三类名词使用零冠词：复数可数名词，不可数名词（用单数形式）及专有名词。本章要求熟记与冠词有搭配关系的常用习语以及一些不用冠词的固定词组。重点学习定冠词+单数形式的名词；不定冠词用于物质名词、抽象名词、形容词最高级及序数词；不定冠词的位置；零冠词用于名词；零冠词用于 零冠词+带定语的名词结构。

[编辑本段]代词

代词是代替名词或起名词作用的短语、分句和句子的词。代词分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词、疑问代词、关系代词、连接代词和不定代词等。本章要求学员掌握多种代词的形式和用法，特别是人称代词、物主代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词。注意all ,every,each 的区别；any,some的区别；every-body,evreone,one的区别；no one,none的区别；both,two的区别；other,another的区别。

[编辑本段]数词

数词是表示数量的词，数词的两个类型是基数词和序数词，前者表示多少；后者表示第几。

[编辑本段]动词时态

动词的时态（一）

在英语中，不同时间发生的动作或情况要用不同的动词形式表示，这种形式叫做时态。本单元要求学员掌握一般现在时（重点是单数第三人称he,she,it用作主语时的动词词尾变化形式），现在进行时（be+V-ing),一般过去时（不规则动词的过去式是学习的难点），及现在完成时(have/has+过去分词)的构成和用法，特别是一般现在时与现在进行时之间的比较及一般过去时与现在完成时之间的比较。

动词的时态（二）

本单元继续讲授动词的时态，要求学员重点掌握一般将来时、将来进行时、将来完成时、过去进行时、现在完成进行时、过去完成进行时及过去完成时等七种常用时态的构成和用法。弄清一般将来时及将来完成时的区别；现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别；过去完成时的用法及其与过去完成进行时的区别。

被动语态

当强调动作承受者，不必说出执行者或含糊不清的执行者时，多用被动式。须注意的是，许多地方与汉语不同。注意那些汉语中没有"被……"的意思，英语却用被动态。还要注意，英语的被动态往往由"by"引出，而有用介词"by"的短语往往又不是被动态，而是系表结构。还有些待殊现象，如…known to man(人类......所知)，on foot步行(美国人有时用by foot)，in carraige(乘四轮马车)等等。还有假主动，真被动的十几个常用词的用法，以及so heavy to carry而不用so heavy to be carried等习惯用法。有关这类情况，做到心中有数对全面掌握被动态，准确无误地解答习题非常关键，被动态必须涉及的是动词的各种时态变化的问题。英语的时态本来很复杂，怎样记住各自的被动形式呢? 首先要明确"将来进行无被动，现在完成进行

同"。这两种时态无被动形式。

另外，不及物动词带有同源宾语的动词，反身代词的动词和系动词都无被动形式。即便如此，还有不定式，动名词，分词，以及它们的复合结构)的被动态，再加上情态动词，助动词以及它们的疑问式和否定式从中掺杂，真是令人头痛，眼花缭乱。下面口诀就以动词do为例，即do did过去式done过去分词，以口诀形式总结各种时态的被动态，一定对你有所启示。

被动语态（一般现在时）

主动语态变被动语态时，主动语态句中的宾语变成被动语态句中的主语，主动语态句中的主语成为被动语态句中的动作的发出者。

被动语态的口诀

一般现、过用be done，be有人称、时、数变。

完成时态have(has) done，被动将been加中间。

一般将来shall (will) do，被动变do为be done。

将来进行无被动，shall (will) be doing,

现在完成进行同，have (has) been doing。

现、过进行be doing, 被动be加being done。

情、助、有、是妥安排，一律随新主语变。

否定助后加not，疑问一助置主前。

主语恰是疑问词，直陈语序主在前。

一般情助加be done，双宾多将间宾变。

复合宾语宾变主，宾补、主补相应变。

第二句"be有人称、时、数变"即be有人称、时态和单、复数的变化。"情助"是指情态动词和助动词must，may，can，shall，will等一律随新主语(多是主动句中的宾语)来变化。"疑问一助置主前"是说有两个助动词的话，应把主语放在第一助动词之后或把第一助动词置于主语之前。下面详细举例说明之。

太长了给你个网站

八年级上册英语期末复习资料（要详细，有重点语法和考点的的）（如果令我满意我还会加分）

Unit 1

1. How often do you exercise ?

→ How often + 助动词do(does或did) + 主语 + do sth. ? 疑问词how often是问频率(多经常), 在这里助动词do(does或did) 是起帮助构成疑问的作用

Every day / Once a week / Twice a month / Three times a month / Three or four times a month .

2. What do you usually do on weekends ?

第一个do 为助动词, 在这起帮助构成疑问的作用；而第二个 do 则是实义动词。 I usually play soccer .

3. What’s your favorite program ? It’s Animal World .

4. What do students do at Green High School ?

第一个do 为助动词, 在这起帮助构成疑问的作用；而第二个 do 则是实义动词。

5. As for homework , most students do homework every day .

as for...意思是“至于；关于”，常用于句首作状语，其后跟名词、代词或动词的-ing形式（即动名词）。如：

As for him，I never want to see him here. 至于他，我永远不希望在这里见到。

As for the story，you'd better not believe it. 关于那故事，你最好不要相信。

6. The results for “ watch TV ” are interesting .

7. Mom wants me to get up at 6:00 and play ping-pong with her .

→ want to do sth.意思是“想要做某事”；want sb. to do sth.意思是“想要某人做某事”。如：

Do you want to go to the movies with me？你想和我一起去看电影吗？

The teacher doesn't want us to eat hamburgers.老师不想让我们吃汉堡包。

8. She says it’s good for my health .

→ be good for...表示“对……有益（有好处）”。其反义为：be bad for...。（这里for 是介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词）如：

It's good for us to do more reading. 多读书对我们有好处。

Reading in bed is bad for your eyes.在床上读书对你的眼睛有害。

9. How many hours do you sleep every night ?

10. I exercise every day , usually when I come home from school .

11. My eating habits are pretty good . 这里pretty相当于very 。

12. I try to eat a lot of vegetables , usually ten to eleven times a week . → try to do sth.表示“ 尽力做某事 ” ，不包含是否成功的意思 / try doing sth. 表示“ （用某一办法）试着去做某事”。 如:You’d better try doing the experiment in another way. 你最好试试用另一种方法做这个试验。

13. My healthy lifestyle helps me get good grades . → help sb.(to) do sth.帮助某人做某事

14. Good food and exercise help me to study better . → help sb. (to) do sth.帮助某人做某事 / 这里better是well的比较级，而不是good的比较级

15. Is her lifestyle the same as yours or different ? ＝Is her lifestyle the same as your lifestyle or is her lifestyle different from your lifestyle ? → be the same as … / be different from …

16. I think I’m kind of unhealthy . kind of = a little / a kind of 意思是“一种”

17. What sports do you play ?

18. A lot of vegetables help you to keep in good health . keep in good health = keep healthy = stay healthy

19. You must try to eat less meat . → try to do sth. 表示“ 尽力做某事 ” , 不包含是否成功的意思 / less是little的比较级

20. That sounds interesting. 这是“主语+系动词+表语”结构的简单句。sound（听起来），look（看起来），smell（闻起来），taste（尝起来），feel（觉得），seem（好象），grow（变得） , get（变得）等词在英语中可用作系动词，后跟形容词作表语。如：

It tastes good. 这味道好。

The music sounds very sweet. 这音乐听起来很入耳。

The smoke grew heavier and heavier. 烟雾变得越来越浓了。

Unit 2

1. What’s the matter ? What’s the mater with you ? with为介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词。人称代词必须用它的宾格。

I have a cold / have a sore back / have a stomachache

2. You should lie down and rest / drink hot tea with honey / see a dentist / see a doctor .

3. I’m not felling well . 这里well表示身体状况，不能用good代替

4. When did it start ? About two days ago .

5. That’s too bad .

6. I hope you fell better soon . 这里better是well的比较级

7. Traditional Chinese doctors believe we need a balance of yin and yang to be healthy . 这里 to be healthy是动词不定式短语，作目的状语

8. Maybe you have too much yin . too much后跟不可数名词，而too many后跟可数名词复数

9. It’s easy to have a healthy lifestyle ,and it’s important to eat a balanced diet . → It’s easy to do sth . 做某事容易 / It’s important to do sth . 做某事重要

10. Everyone gets tired sometimes . 这里get连系动词，tired是形容词作表语，属系表结构

11. A sore throat can give you a fever . → give sb. sth . = give sth. to sb. 把某物给某人

12. Don’t get stressed out. It’s not healthy . 在这里get是连系动词，stressed out是表语

13. I have a toothache . I need to see a dentist . → need意思为 “需要” ，作实义动词时，后跟动词不定式，否定式为don’t /doesn’t / didn’t need (to do sth.) ；作情态动词时，只能用于否定句或疑问句中，否定式为needn’t(do sth.) ，除有过去式外，没有其它的形态变化

14. Eat a balanced diet to stay healthy . to stay healthy是动词不定式短语，作目的状语

15. I’m not feeling very well at the moment . at the moment = now

Unit 3

1. What are you doing for vacation ? I’m babysitting my sister .

Where are you going for vacation ? Italy .

这是现在进行时的一种比较特殊的用法，用来表示按计划或安排要做的事情，现在还没有去做。

2. Who are you going with ? I’m going with my parents . with my parents是介词短语，在这里作伴随状语，起修饰谓语动词are going的作用

3. When are you going ? I’m going on Monday .

4. What are you doing there ? I’m going hiking in the mountains .

5. How long are you staying ? Just for four days . I don’t like going away for too long .疑问词hwo long是对时间长短或事物的长度提问，在这里是对时间的长短进行提问。

6. Have a good time . = Enjoy oneself . 玩得开心、愉快

7. Show me your photos when we get back to school . → show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 把某给某人看

8. I’m going to Hawaii for vacation . for vacation是介词短语，在这里作目的状语，起修饰谓语动词的作用

9. What’s it like there ? 这里like是介词，而不是动词

10. Can I ask you some questions about your vacation plans ? → ask sb. sth . 问某人某事

11. Ben Lambert , the famous French singer , is taking a long vacation this summer ! → take a vacation 度假

12. He thought about going to Greece or Spain , but decided on Canada . → think about 考虑 / decide on 决定 这里的about和on都是介词

13. “ I always take vacation in Europe ,” he said . “ This time I want to do something different .” → (1). want to do sth. (2). 修饰不定代词(something , nothing , anything等)的定语常放在不定代词的后面

14. He plans to have a very relaxing vacation . → plan to do sth. 计划做某事

15. I’m planning to spend time in the beautiful countryside .

16. I just finished making my last movies . → finish doing sth. 完成做某事

17. I hear that Thailand is a good place to go sightseeing . to go sightseeing是动词不定式短语，作a good place的后置定语

18. She’s leaving for Hong Kong on Tuesday . → leave A for B 离开A地去B地

19. I want to ask you about places to visit China . to visit China是动词不定式短语，作places的后置定语

20. I’m planning my vacation to Italy this weekend . to Italy是动词不定式短语，作my vacation的后置定语

21. What should tourists take with them ? with them是介词短语，在这里作伴随状语，起修饰谓语动词take的作用

22. Where are you leaving from ? leave from 离开某地（注：from是介词）

Unit 4

1. How do you get to school ? 疑问词how 在这里是对方式进行提问

I ride my bike / walk / take the subway . By bike / bicycle / bus / train / subway / taxi / air / plane / ship / boat . On foot .

How do I get there ? 因there是副词,所以不能说get to there Don’t worry . Let me look at your map . Ok , first … , next … . Then … .

2. How long does it take ? 疑问词hwo long是对时间长短或事物的长度提问

It takes about 25 minutes to walk and 10 minutes by bus .

How long does t take you to get from home to school ?

It takes twenty-five minutes . → take sb. some time to do sth. 花费某人……时间做某事

3. Lin Fei’s home is about Kilometers from school .

4. How far is it from your home to school ? It’s three miles .

How far do you live from school ? I live 10 miles from school .

疑问词how far在这里是对距离进行提问

5. In other parts of the world , things are different .

6. In China , it depends on where you are . → depend on 视……而定；决定于

7. That must be a lot more fun than taking a bus .

8. In North America , not all students take the bus to school . not all是部分否定，意思是并不是所有的；不是全部的

9. Other parts of the world are different from the United States .

10. A small number of students take the subway . → a number of = many 许多

11. What do you think of the transportation in your town ? → think of 对……有某种看法

12. When it rains I take a taxi .

13. I have a map but in Chinese .

14. If you have a problem , you can ask a policeman .

Unit 5

1. Can you come to my party ?

Sure , I’d love(like) to . / I’m sorry , I can’t . I have to help my parents .

Can you play tennis with me ?

情态动词can在这里起征求对方意见的作用。

2. I have too much homework this weekend . too much后跟不可数名词；too many后跟可数名词复数

3. That’s too bad .

4. Maybe another time .

5. Thanks for asking . for介词，后跟名词，代词或动名词

6. Come and have fun . / Come and join us .

7. On Wednesday , I’m playing tennis with the school team .

8. I have to study for my science test on Thursday . have to强调客观原因；而must强调主观原因

9. Please keep quiet ! I’m trying to study . → try to do sth. 表示“ 尽力做某事 ” , 不包含是否成功的意思

10. Do you want to come to my birthday party ? → want to do sth.意思是“想要做某事”

11. Li Lei is going fishing with grandpa the whole day . the whole day = all day 整天

12. Can you come over to my house ?

13. I’m free till 22:00 .

Unit 6

1. I’m more outgoing than my sister . → 主语 + 动词 + 形容词比较级别 + than + 比较对象

2. As you can see , in some ways we look the same , and in some ways we look different .

3. However , we both enjoy going to parties . → enjoy doing sth. = like doing sth. 喜欢做某事

4. Liu Li has more than one sister . more than 不止

5. Liu Li and Liu Ying have some things in common . → in common （团体）共同的；公有的

6. Liu Ying is not as good at sports as her sister . as …as 和……一样 （其中as…as之间的形容词必须用原级）；它的否定式是：not as(so) … as

7. Liu Ying talks more than Liu Li . 这里more是much的比较级，而不是many的比较级

8. Both girls go to lots of parties . lots of = a lot of 许多

9. My friend is the same as me . → be the same as … 与……一样 / be different from …与……不同

10. I think a good friend makes me laugh . → make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事

11. For me , a good friend likes to do the same things as me . → like to do sth.

12. That’s not very important for me ….

13. What’s your opinion ?

14. Should friends be different or the same ? same前常有定冠词the

15. I like to have friends who are like me . / I like to have friends who are different from me . → like to do sth.中的like 是动词,意思是“ 喜欢 ”；而are like me 中的like 是介词，意思是“ 像 ”。要注意区别like的词性。

16. I’m quieter than most of the kids in my class .

17. We both like doing the same things . → like doing sth. 喜欢做某事

18. Who do you think should get the job , Ruth or Rose ?

19. You must be good with children / enjoy telling jokes . → be good with sb. 对某人好；与某人相处融洽 / enjoy doing = like doing sth. 喜欢做某事

20. He can’t stop talking . → stop doing sth. 意为“ 停止（正在）做的事情” ，doing在句中是stop的宾语。如：When the teacher came in , the students stopped talking and laugh . 老师走了进来，学生们停止了谈笑。 / stop to do sth. 意为“ 停下（正在做的事）去做某事” ，动词不定式短语to do sth.在句中作动词 stop 的目的状语。 如：He stopped to write a letter to her . 他停下手边的工作，给她写信。

21. He always helps others .

22. She likes to stay at home and read . → like to do sth. 喜欢做某事 / stay at home 呆在家里

Review of units 1-6

1. You use milk to make cheese and you can drink it , too . 动词不定式短语to make cheese在这里作目的状语，修饰use milk

2. A part of your body beginning with “ a ” . → begin with 以……开始 （注意：with是介词）

3. The opposite of short is long or tall .

4. The neck is between your head and your body . → between … and 在……和……之间

5. Carrots , onions and peppers are all vegetables . → all用于三者或三者以上；both用于两者。同时要注意它们在句中的位置，即位于连系动词（be），助动词（be , will , shall , should 等），情态动词（can , may , must , have to等）的后面；其它动词的前面。

6. I like reading books in my free time . like doing sth. 喜欢做某事 / in one’s free time 在空余时间

7. I feel terrible , doctor . 在这里feel是连系动词，terrible是形容词作表语，feel terrible是系表结构作复合谓语

8. I usually relax in my swimming pool .

9. I’m very excited to be taking a vacation around China ! → be excited to do sth. 做某事很激动

10. Who is more athletic , Gao Yan or Li Tong ?

新目标英语八年级上期末复习题(语法知识)

--谁知道练习题1的答案.

--举起你的手.

这个必须要用TO的

因为 ...的...

the answer to the question 问题的答案

the key to the door 门的钥匙

the way to my school 上学的路

这是固定用法。

用到 answer key way 定语修饰时常常用to 来连接..

不知道我说明白了没有.

初二英语(人教版)上册复习资料

新目标八年级英语（Go for it ）上册期末测试卷

一、词汇： ( 1 )：根据句意及首字母提示补全单词（10分）.

1.——How often does Cheng watch TV ?

——He watches TV t a week

2. ——What’s the matter with Gina?

——She’s s out

3. ——What’re they doing for vacation?

——They’re r at home.

4. ——How does Mary get to school?

——She t the subway.

5. Jane isn’t very o . She likes to stay at home and read.

6. ——How m cinnamon do we need?

——One teaspoon.

7. ——Did Tina meet a famous actor?

——Yes, she did. She met Jake Dean. She got his a

8. ——When did she b a movie star?

——When she was three years old.

9. ——What’s she going to be when she g up?

——She’s going to be an actress.

10. ——What’s the best movie theater?

——Town Cinema. It has the f service.

（2）：用括号中单词的适当形式填空（10分）

11. Let's go ________________(shop) now, Mary.

12. Look! A tiger is running after some ___ _______(sheep)

13. How many ____ __(hour) do you sleep every night?

14. There are ___ ______(many) girl students in Class 2 than in Class 1.

15. His father takes exercise every day, so he is very________ ___(health)

16、If you want to play the piano very well, you must ______ ___it every day（practise）.

17、Although they are twins, there are some different between .(they)

18、I live in a town Alice Springs. (call)

19、In big cities, students usually bikes to school or take buses. (ride)

20、My mother hardly ever exercise, so she isn't in good health .(take)

二、单项选择填空（20分）：

（ ）1. The hotel is the best here. It has rooms.

A. the worse B. most comfortable C. best D. the most comfortable

（ ）2. ——Where is Jack? ——He basketball on the playground.

A. plays B. is playing C. is going to play D. play

（ ）3. He likes singing songs, but I sing than he does.

A. more good B. best C. more worse D. better

（ ）4. ——Could you please help me do the laundry this afternoon?

—— I will be free after 2:30 in the afternoon.

A. Sorry, I can’t B. No, you can’t C. Sure, I’d love to D. Of course not

（ ）5. — did he play soccer? —About 3hours.

A. How many B. How much C. How often D. How long

（ ）6. Let’s buy a big house the money.

A. for B. with C. use D. spend

（ ）7. The art exhibition will me rich and famous

A. do B. have C. help D. make

（ ）8. —When did she the USA ? —Three years ago

A. tour B. travel C. go D. watch

（ ）9. Her younger brother is young to go to school

A. so B. very C. too D. really

（ ）10. —Who’s ,Tom or Tim? —Tom is

A. quieter B. more healthy C. worst D. best

（ ）11. —Do you look the same? —No, I am taller than her

A. Little B. few C. a little D. many

（ ）12. —Who the souvenir? —Maria did

A. is going to bay B. bought C. buys D. wants to bay

（ ）13. —Arthur is a loving grandmother

—Yeah, she all her free time with her grandchildren.

A. pays B. takes C. uses D. spends

（ ）14. I’m going to write articles and them to magazines and newspapers.

A. send B. take C. bring D. give

（ ）15. —When did he go to Beijing? —He went there may 12th

A. in B. at C. on D. by

（ ）16.. Timmy goes to school ____ every day . It's 5 minutes' walk from his home to school .

A. in a bus B. by plane C. on foot D. by boat

（ ）17.It is _________ today than yesterday . Shall we go swimming this afternoon ?

A. the hottest B. hot C. hottest D. hotter

（ ）18.There's _______________ with your watch . Time is not right .

A wrong something B something wrong C wrong nothing D nothing wr

（ ）19.----- I hear you talk about your friend, John so much. _____________?

----- Well, he's a bit tall. He is always well dressed.

A. Is he tall B. What does he look like C. How is he D. How is he doing

（ ）20.----- Why not go and play football outside? ----- ______________.

A. Yes, I think so. B. It's a good game. C. That's a good idea. D. Of course we do.

三、完形填空（10分）：.

The Sea

What do you know about the sea? Some people often see it, 1 the others don't. The sea looks 2 on a fine sunny day. Millions of people hope to take their 3 by the sea. They can swim in it, or lie on the beaches in the sun. They 4 themselves there. But it can be very rough（粗鲁） when there is a strong wind. What other things do we know about it?

Of course, the sea is very large. Looking at a 5 of the world, you can see it is much bigger than land. There are a lot of 6 in the sea. Some of them are big and the others are 7 .

Did you swim in the sea? If you answer “Yes", you may know that the water is salty（盐）. Rivers carry 8 from the land to the sea. Some places of the sea are more salty（咸的） than other places. Do you know the Dead Sea? Fish 9 live in it. And people can easily swim in it. Nobody is afraid to 10 in the water.

（ ） 1.A. and B. so C. but D. or

（ ） 2.A. useful B. beautiful C. terrible D. weak

（ ）3.A. classes B. sports C. meetings D. holidays

（ ）4.A. enjoy B. like C. stop D. begin

（ ）5.A. book B. map C. newspaper D. picture

（ ）6.A. roads B. shops C. houses D. islands

（ ） 7.A. small B. young C. little D. good

（ ） 8.A. sugar B. butter C. salt D. oil

（ ）9.A. can B. must C. can't D. mustn't

（ ）10.A. lift B. sink C. walk D. sleep

四、阅读理解（30分）：A、B两篇阅读短文并根据短文内选择正确答案：

（A）篇

We each have a memory. That’s why we can still remember things after a long time. Some people have very good memories and they can easily learn many things by heart, but some people can only remember things when they say or do the again and again. Many of the great men of the world have got surprising memories.

A good memory is a great help in learning languages. Everybody learns his mother language when he is a small child. He hears the sounds, remembers them and then he learns to speak. Some children are living with their parents in foreign countries. They can learn two languages as easily as one because they hear， remember and speak two languages every day. In school it is not so easy to learn a foreign language because the pupils have so little time for it, and they are busy with other subjects, too.

But your memory will become better and better when you do more and more exercises.

( ) 1. Some people can easily learn many things by heart because __________ .

A. they always sleep well B. they often eat good foot

C. they read a lot of books D. they have very good memories

( ) 2. Everybody learns his mother language __________ .

A. at the age of six B. when he is a small child

C. after he goes to school D. ]when he can read and write

( ) 3. Before a child can speak, he must __________ .

A. read and write B. make sentences

C. hear and remember the sounds D. think hard

( ) 4. In school the pupils can’t learn a foreign language easily because __________ .

A. they have no good memories B. they have no good teachers

C. they don’t like it D. they are busy with other subjects

( ) 5. Your memory will become better and better __________ .

A. if you have a lot of good food B. if you do more and more exercises

C. if you do morning exercises every day D. if you get up early

（C）篇：阅读短文并根据短文内容回答问题：

Mr. Smith had two sons .One is seven years old, and the other is five. One morning during the holidays, when he was cleaning the car, his younger son came and asked him for some money for sweets.

“Sweets are bad for your teeth,” Mr. Smith said. “Take these two oranges instead ,and give one to your elder(年长的)brother,” One of the oranges is quite a lot bigger than the other one ,and as the small boy liked oranges very much, he kept that one for himself, and gave his brother the smaller one.

When the other boy saw that his brother had a much larger orange than his own ,he said to him, “It’s selfish(自私的)to take the bigger one for yourself. If father had given me the oranges, I ’d have given you the bigger one.”

“I know you would,” answered his brother.” That’s why I took it.”

11. “What was Mr Smith doing one morning?

.

12.What did his younger son ask for?

.

13.Did the son get what he wanted?

.

14.Who got the bigger orange?

.

15.Why did the elder brother say that his brother was selfish?

.

笔试部分：

一、词汇：(1)：. 1. twice 2. stressed 3. relaxing 4. takes 5.outgoing 6. much 7. autograph 8. become 9. grows 10. friendliest

（2）：11.shopping 12.sheep13.hours 14. more 15.healthy 16.practise 17.them 18.called 19. ride 20 .takes

二、： 1.--- 5 DBDAD 6---1 0 BDACA 11----15 CBDAC 16—20 CDBB

三、完形填空（10分）： 1.C 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.B 6.D 7.A 8.C 9.C 10.B

四、阅读理解（30分）： （A ）： 1---6 DBCDB

（C）篇11. He was cleaning his car.12. He asked for some money for sweets.

13. No, he didn’t14. The younger one.15. Because he kept the bigger orange for himself.

八年级上学期期末试卷

I. 从方框中选择适当的词组并用其适当的形式完成下列句子。（10分）

do the dishes, look the same, turn off, make more friends, in town, buy some

drinks and snacks, at the age of, feel better, take part in, take him for a walk

1． We must save water.______the tap（水龙头）after you wash your hands.

2． Susan was ill yesterday, but she ________ today.

3． Anna was always sad. Her father told her to________if she wanted to be happy.

4． -Nick, could you ________ for breakfast?

-Sure.

5． Little Tina is only eight, but she is always trying to help her parents do chores. Every day after she has dinner, she________.

6． Li Yundi started to learn the accordion__________four.

7． Every year he________the school sports meeting, but he never wins a prize.

8． I have a pet dog and I have to________twice a day.

9． There are many good clothing stores________,but the best one is Jasper's.

10． Look at the two girls. They ________. They must be twins.

II. 单项选择。（10分）

11. Jim is________in his class.

A. very tall B. too tall C. the tallest D. taller

12. Look at the twins. One is carrying a basket, ________is carrying a box.

A. another B. the other C. the others D. other

13. Would you like________a cake________ meat in it?

A. have; of B. to eat; for C. to have; with D. having; with

14. It's________colder today than yesterday.

A. more B. much C. very D. most

15. ________he is in the library now.

A. Maybe B. May be C. Really D. Quickly

16. __ __ the street corner, there is a police car.

A. In B. At C. To D. By

17. ________is important to learn English well.

A. He B. She C. It D. That

18. The teacher often thinks________new ways to make the students study well.

A. of B. for C. with D. from

19. The boy could ride a bike________of six.

A. at age B. in the age C. on age D. at the age

20. He was at________for only three months.

A. the school B. school C. a school D. schools

IV. 动词填空。（16分）

34. On Saturday Mrs Brown usually______(wash) some clothes.

35. Look!The old man________(get)on the bus.

36. We________(visit)that factory next week.

37. Please________(look)after the little boy.

Don't let him________ (cry).

38. -Why________you________(not come)last time?

-Because I________(be)ill.

参考答案 I. 1. Turn off 2. feels better 3. make more friends 4. buy some drinks and snacks 5. does the dishes 6. at the age of 7. takes part in 8. take him for a walk 9. in town 10. look the same II. 11. C. 12. B.。13. C.。14. B. 15. A.。16. B.。 17. C.。 18. A19. D. 20. B.

IV. 34. washes 35. is getting 36. are going to visit / are visiting 37. look, cry 38. didn't, come, was

根据句意，并用词的适当形式填空。

1. Everything ______ to grow in spring. (begin)

2. I ___ his phone number down on this piece of paper yesterday. (write)

3. In China summer ______ from May to July. (last)

4. Which season do you like ______, summer or winter? (well)

5. Summer is good for ______ sports. (do)

单项选择（从A，B，C，D中选出一个最佳答案）。

( ) 1.The farmers are all busy ______ ready for the next year.

A. get B. to get C. getting D. gets

( )2.Children really enjoyed ______ apples.

A. pick B. picks C. to pick D. picking

( ) 3.I love summer, because it is good ______ sports.

A. for B. at C. in D. with

( ) 4.What did Joy write about ______ her letter?

A. on B. in C. to D. with

( ) 6.It is best ______ warm clothes in winter.

A. wear B. to wear C. wearing D. wears

( ) 8.Kate took a message ______ his brother, Jim.

A. to B. for C. in D. of

( ) 9.He has no time. He is busy ______ his homework.

A. in B. at C. with D. for

( ) 10.Would you ask Jim ______ help me ______ my English?

A. to, with B. ×, in C. to, in D. ×, with

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