如何使用PyTorch实现MNIST手写体识别-创新互联
这篇文章将为大家详细讲解有关如何使用PyTorch实现MNIST手写体识别，小编觉得挺实用的，因此分享给大家做个参考，希望大家阅读完这篇文章后可以有所收获。
实验环境
win10 + anaconda + jupyter notebook
Pytorch2.1.0
Python3.7
gpu环境（可选）
MNIST数据集介绍
MNIST 包括6万张28x28的训练样本，1万张测试样本，可以说是CV里的“Hello Word”。本文使用的CNN网络将MNIST数据的识别率提高到了99%。下面我们就开始进行实战。
导入包
import torch import torch.nn as nn import torch.nn.functional as F import torch.optim as optim from torchvision import datasets, transforms torch.__version__
定义超参数
BATCH_SIZE=512
EPOCHS=20
DEVICE = torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")数据集
我们直接使用PyTorch中自带的dataset，并使用DataLoader对训练数据和测试数据分别进行读取。如果下载过数据集这里download可选择False
train_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(
datasets.MNIST('data', train=True, download=True,
transform=transforms.Compose([
transforms.ToTensor(),
transforms.Normalize((0.1307,), (0.3081,))
])),
batch_size=BATCH_SIZE, shuffle=True)
test_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(
datasets.MNIST('data', train=False, transform=transforms.Compose([
transforms.ToTensor(),
transforms.Normalize((0.1307,), (0.3081,))
])),
batch_size=BATCH_SIZE, shuffle=True)定义网络
该网络包括两个卷积层和两个线性层，最后输出10个维度，即代表0-9十个数字。
class ConvNet(nn.Module): def __init__(self): super().__init__() self.conv1=nn.Conv2d(1,10,5) # input:(1,28,28) output:(10,24,24) self.conv2=nn.Conv2d(10,20,3) # input:(10,12,12) output:(20,10,10) self.fc1 = nn.Linear(20*10*10,500) self.fc2 = nn.Linear(500,10) def forward(self,x): in_size = x.size(0) out = self.conv1(x) out = F.relu(out) out = F.max_pool2d(out, 2, 2) out = self.conv2(out) out = F.relu(out) out = out.view(in_size,-1) out = self.fc1(out) out = F.relu(out) out = self.fc2(out) out = F.log_softmax(out,dim=1) return out
实例化网络
model = ConvNet().to(DEVICE) # 将网络移动到gpu上 optimizer = optim.Adam(model.parameters()) # 使用Adam优化器
定义训练函数
def train(model, device, train_loader, optimizer, epoch):
model.train()
for batch_idx, (data, target) in enumerate(train_loader):
data, target = data.to(device), target.to(device)
optimizer.zero_grad()
output = model(data)
loss = F.nll_loss(output, target)
loss.backward()
optimizer.step()
if(batch_idx+1)%30 == 0:
print('Train Epoch: {} [{}/{} ({:.0f}%)]\tLoss: {:.6f}'.format(
epoch, batch_idx * len(data), len(train_loader.dataset),
100. * batch_idx / len(train_loader), loss.item()))定义测试函数
def test(model, device, test_loader):
model.eval()
test_loss = 0
correct = 0
with torch.no_grad():
for data, target in test_loader:
data, target = data.to(device), target.to(device)
output = model(data)
test_loss += F.nll_loss(output, target, reduction='sum').item() # 将一批的损失相加
pred = output.max(1, keepdim=True)[1] # 找到概率大的下标
correct += pred.eq(target.view_as(pred)).sum().item()
test_loss /= len(test_loader.dataset)
print('\nTest set: Average loss: {:.4f}, Accuracy: {}/{} ({:.0f}%)\n'.format(
test_loss, correct, len(test_loader.dataset),
100. * correct / len(test_loader.dataset)))开始训练
for epoch in range(1, EPOCHS + 1): train(model, DEVICE, train_loader, optimizer, epoch) test(model, DEVICE, test_loader)
实验结果
Train Epoch: 1 [14848/60000 (25%)] Loss: 0.375058 Train Epoch: 1 [30208/60000 (50%)] Loss: 0.255248 Train Epoch: 1 [45568/60000 (75%)] Loss: 0.128060 Test set: Average loss: 0.0992, Accuracy: 9690/10000 (97%) Train Epoch: 2 [14848/60000 (25%)] Loss: 0.093066 Train Epoch: 2 [30208/60000 (50%)] Loss: 0.087888 Train Epoch: 2 [45568/60000 (75%)] Loss: 0.068078 Test set: Average loss: 0.0599, Accuracy: 9816/10000 (98%) Train Epoch: 3 [14848/60000 (25%)] Loss: 0.043926 Train Epoch: 3 [30208/60000 (50%)] Loss: 0.037321 Train Epoch: 3 [45568/60000 (75%)] Loss: 0.068404 Test set: Average loss: 0.0416, Accuracy: 9859/10000 (99%) Train Epoch: 4 [14848/60000 (25%)] Loss: 0.031654 Train Epoch: 4 [30208/60000 (50%)] Loss: 0.041341 Train Epoch: 4 [45568/60000 (75%)] Loss: 0.036493 Test set: Average loss: 0.0361, Accuracy: 9873/10000 (99%) Train Epoch: 5 [14848/60000 (25%)] Loss: 0.027688 Train Epoch: 5 [30208/60000 (50%)] Loss: 0.019488 Train Epoch: 5 [45568/60000 (75%)] Loss: 0.018023 Test set: Average loss: 0.0344, Accuracy: 9875/10000 (99%) Train Epoch: 6 [14848/60000 (25%)] Loss: 0.024212 Train Epoch: 6 [30208/60000 (50%)] Loss: 0.018689 Train Epoch: 6 [45568/60000 (75%)] Loss: 0.040412 Test set: Average loss: 0.0350, Accuracy: 9879/10000 (99%) Train Epoch: 7 [14848/60000 (25%)] Loss: 0.030426 Train Epoch: 7 [30208/60000 (50%)] Loss: 0.026939 Train Epoch: 7 [45568/60000 (75%)] Loss: 0.010722 Test set: Average loss: 0.0287, Accuracy: 9892/10000 (99%) Train Epoch: 8 [14848/60000 (25%)] Loss: 0.021109 Train Epoch: 8 [30208/60000 (50%)] Loss: 0.034845 Train Epoch: 8 [45568/60000 (75%)] Loss: 0.011223 Test set: Average loss: 0.0299, Accuracy: 9904/10000 (99%) Train Epoch: 9 [14848/60000 (25%)] Loss: 0.011391 Train Epoch: 9 [30208/60000 (50%)] Loss: 0.008091 Train Epoch: 9 [45568/60000 (75%)] Loss: 0.039870 Test set: Average loss: 0.0341, Accuracy: 9890/10000 (99%) Train Epoch: 10 [14848/60000 (25%)] Loss: 0.026813 Train Epoch: 10 [30208/60000 (50%)] Loss: 0.011159 Train Epoch: 10 [45568/60000 (75%)] Loss: 0.024884 Test set: Average loss: 0.0286, Accuracy: 9901/10000 (99%) Train Epoch: 11 [14848/60000 (25%)] Loss: 0.006420 Train Epoch: 11 [30208/60000 (50%)] Loss: 0.003641 Train Epoch: 11 [45568/60000 (75%)] Loss: 0.003402 Test set: Average loss: 0.0377, Accuracy: 9894/10000 (99%) Train Epoch: 12 [14848/60000 (25%)] Loss: 0.006866 Train Epoch: 12 [30208/60000 (50%)] Loss: 0.012617 Train Epoch: 12 [45568/60000 (75%)] Loss: 0.008548 Test set: Average loss: 0.0311, Accuracy: 9908/10000 (99%) Train Epoch: 13 [14848/60000 (25%)] Loss: 0.010539 Train Epoch: 13 [30208/60000 (50%)] Loss: 0.002952 Train Epoch: 13 [45568/60000 (75%)] Loss: 0.002313 Test set: Average loss: 0.0293, Accuracy: 9905/10000 (99%) Train Epoch: 14 [14848/60000 (25%)] Loss: 0.002100 Train Epoch: 14 [30208/60000 (50%)] Loss: 0.000779 Train Epoch: 14 [45568/60000 (75%)] Loss: 0.005952 Test set: Average loss: 0.0335, Accuracy: 9897/10000 (99%) Train Epoch: 15 [14848/60000 (25%)] Loss: 0.006053 Train Epoch: 15 [30208/60000 (50%)] Loss: 0.002559 Train Epoch: 15 [45568/60000 (75%)] Loss: 0.002555 Test set: Average loss: 0.0357, Accuracy: 9894/10000 (99%) Train Epoch: 16 [14848/60000 (25%)] Loss: 0.000895 Train Epoch: 16 [30208/60000 (50%)] Loss: 0.004923 Train Epoch: 16 [45568/60000 (75%)] Loss: 0.002339 Test set: Average loss: 0.0400, Accuracy: 9893/10000 (99%) Train Epoch: 17 [14848/60000 (25%)] Loss: 0.004136 Train Epoch: 17 [30208/60000 (50%)] Loss: 0.000927 Train Epoch: 17 [45568/60000 (75%)] Loss: 0.002084 Test set: Average loss: 0.0353, Accuracy: 9895/10000 (99%) Train Epoch: 18 [14848/60000 (25%)] Loss: 0.004508 Train Epoch: 18 [30208/60000 (50%)] Loss: 0.001272 Train Epoch: 18 [45568/60000 (75%)] Loss: 0.000543 Test set: Average loss: 0.0380, Accuracy: 9894/10000 (99%) Train Epoch: 19 [14848/60000 (25%)] Loss: 0.001699 Train Epoch: 19 [30208/60000 (50%)] Loss: 0.000661 Train Epoch: 19 [45568/60000 (75%)] Loss: 0.000275 Test set: Average loss: 0.0339, Accuracy: 9905/10000 (99%) Train Epoch: 20 [14848/60000 (25%)] Loss: 0.000441 Train Epoch: 20 [30208/60000 (50%)] Loss: 0.000695 Train Epoch: 20 [45568/60000 (75%)] Loss: 0.000467 Test set: Average loss: 0.0396, Accuracy: 9894/10000 (99%)
pytorch的优点
1.PyTorch是相当简洁且高效快速的框架；2.设计追求最少的封装；3.设计符合人类思维，它让用户尽可能地专注于实现自己的想法；4.与google的Tensorflow类似，FAIR的支持足以确保PyTorch获得持续的开发更新；5.PyTorch作者亲自维护的论坛 供用户交流和求教问题6.入门简单
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