搭建Nagios监控平台
实验需求：在服务器（192.168.100.1）上搭建nagios服务，监控本机和远端主机（192.168.100.2）上的主机资源和网络服务
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实现：
一.监控端（192.168.100.1）配置
1.安装相关的软件包
# yum install httpd php gcc glibc glibc-common gd gd-devel libpng libjpeg zlib
2.创建相关的用户和组
# useradd -s /sbin/nologin nagios
# passwd nagios
# groupadd nagcmd
# usermod -G nagcmd nagios
# usermod -G nagcmd apache
3.安装nagios软件
# tar xzf nagios-3.2.1.tar.gz
# cd nagios-3.2.1
# ./configure --with-command-group=nagcmd
# make all
# make install
# make install-init
# make install-config
# make install-commandmode
# make install-webconf
4.创建登录nagios的web页面授权用户
# htpasswd -c /usr/local/nagios/etc/htpasswd.users nagiosadmin //用户名最好使用nagiosadmin，因为配置文件中定义的管理员名称就是它。
# service httpd restart
5.安装nagios插件
# tar xzf nagios-plugins-1.4.11.tar.gz
# cd nagios-plugins-1.4.11
# ./configure --with-nagios-user=nagios --with-nagios-group=nagios
# make
# make install
6.启动nagios服务
# chkconfig --add nagios
# chkconfig nagios on
# /usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios -v /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg
# service nagios start
7.通过Web页面访问
# http://localhost/nagios/
二.监控端（192.168.100.1）配置nagios监控本机
1.定义监控命令
# vim /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/commands.cfg
define command{
command_name check-host-alive
command_line $USER1$/check_ping -H $HOSTADDRESS$ -w 3000.0,80% -c 5000.0,100% -p 5
}
默认已经定义一个命令叫做check-host-alive，当执行这个命令的时候，实际上就是执行/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_ping -H $HOSTADDRESS$ -w 3000.0,80% -c 5000.0,100% -p 5
其中/usr/local/nagios/libexec/目录很长，而且经常使用，所以被定义为宏变量，名为$USER1$。该变量在/usr/local/nagios/etc/resource.cfg中定义，$HOSTADDRESS$是执行命令时要传递给check_ping的参数
根据需要按照既定的格式定义自己需要的命令：
define command{
command_name //定义监控命令的名字（自定义）
command_line //定义命令具体实现的功能
}
例：自定义监控对象，检查NFS服务是否在运行
define command{
command_name check_nfs
command_line $USER1$/check_tcp -H $HOSTADDRESS$ -p 2049
}
定义的命令名称为check_nfs，实际上是调用check_tcp命令检查2049端口
2.定义监控对象
# vim /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/localhost.cfg //localhost.cfg相当于是一个监控LINUX主机的模板，如果需要监控其他LINUX主机，可以把这个文件复制一份进行修改。
define host{
use linux-server //监控使用的模板
host_name localhost //被监控主机的主机名
alias localhost //被监控主机的别名
address 127.0.0.1 //被监控主机的IP地址
}
……
define service{
use local-service
host_name localhost
service_description NFS
check_command check_nfs
notifications_enabled 0
}
3.修改主配置文件（加载监控对象配置文件）
# vim /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg //默认监控本机，不需要改动
……
cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/commands.cfg
cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/contacts.cfg
cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/timeperiods.cfg
cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/templates.cfg
……
cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/localhost.cfg
4.检查配置文件是否有语法错误
# /usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios -v /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg
5.重启nagios服务
# service nagios restart
6.登录web监控页面测试
http://localhost/nagios/
三.监控远程主机（192.168.100.2）公有数据
1.新建监控对象文件
# cd /usr/local/nagios/etc/object
# cp -p localhost.cfg webserver1.cfg //名称自定义
2.修改监控对象配置文件
# vim webserver1.cfg
define host{
use linux-server
host_name webserver1 //修改被监控端主机名
alias webserver1
address 192.168.100.2 //修改被监控端IP
}
……
把主机组注释掉或删除掉
#define hostgroup{
# hostgroup_name linux-servers ; The name of the hostgroup
# alias Linux Servers ; Long name of the group
# members localhost ; Comma separated list of hosts that belong to this group
# }
后续部分的服务，把localhost改为webserver1
3.修改主配置文件加载监控对象配置文件
# vim /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg
……
cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/webserver1.cfg
4.重启nagios服务即可
四.监控远程主机（192.168.100.2）私有数据
4.1 被监控端配置
(1)在被控端创建相关用户和组
# useradd nagios
# passwd nagios
(2)安装nagios插件
# tar xzf nagios-plugins-1.4.6.tar.gz
# cd nagios-plugins-1.4.6
# ./configure
# make
# make install
# chown nagios.nagios /usr/local/nagios
# chown -R nagios.nagios /usr/local/nagios/libexec
(3)安装NRPE
# tar xzf nrpe-2.12.tar.gz
# cd nrpe-2.12
# ./configure
# make all
# make install-plugin
# make install-daemon
# make install-daemon-config
# make install-xinetd
(4)启动NRPE
# vim /etc/xinetd.d/nrpe
……
only_from = 127.0.0.1 192.168.100.1 //添加监控端IP
vim /etc/services
……
nrpe5666/tcp# NRPE //添加在最后
# service xinetd restart
# netstat -tulnp | grep 5666
tcp 0 0 :::5666 :::* LISTEN 2075/xinetd
(5)检查NRPE是否已经运行
# /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_nrpe -H localhost
NRPE v2.12 //显示版本则成功
(6)定义监控命令
# vim /usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg
……
command[check_users]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_users -w 5 -c 10
command[check_load]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_load -w 15,10,5 -c 30,25,20
command[check_sda1]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_disk -w 20% -c 10% -p /dev/sda1
command[check_sda3]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_disk -w 20% -c 10% -p /dev/sda3
command[check_zombie_procs]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_procs -w 5 -c 10 -s Z
command[check_total_procs]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_procs -w 150 -c 200
command[check_swap]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_swap -w 20% -c 10%
……
# service xinetd restart
4.2 监控端配置
(1)安装NRPE
# tar zxvf nrpe-2.12.tar.gz
# cd nrpe-2.12/
# ./configure
# make
# make install
# make install-plugin
(2)检测是否可以和被监控端进行通信
# /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_nrpe -H 192.168.100.2
NRPE v2.12 //显示远程主机版本则成功
(3)定义NRPE监控命令
# vim /usr/local/nagios/etc/object/commands.cfg
……
define command{
command_name check_nrpe
command_line $USER1$/check_nrpe -H $HOSTADDRESS$ -c $ARG1$
}
……
(4)定义监控的内容
# vim /usr/local/nagios/etc/object/webserver1.cfg
……
define service{
use local-service
host_name webserver1
service_description Current Users
check_command check_nrpe!check_users
}
调用check_nrpe命令，在远程主机webserver1上执行check_users的命令，check_users命令在远程主机/usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg中定义。其他配置类似。
define service{
use local-service
host_name webserver1
service_description Current Load
check_command check_nrpe!check_load
}
define service{
use local-service
host_name webserver1
service_description Boot Partition
check_command check_nrpe!check_sda1
}
define service{
use local-service
host_name webserver1
service_description Root Partition
check_command check_nrpe!check_sda3
}
define service{
use local-service
host_name webserver1
service_description Zombie Processes
check_command check_nrpe!check_zombie_procs
}
define service{
use local-service
host_name webserver1
service_description Total Processes
check_command check_nrpe!check_total_procs
}
define service{
use local-service
host_name webserver1
service_description Swap Usage
check_command check_nrpe!check_swap
}
……
(5)重启nagios服务，查看web页面
# service nagios restart
http://localhost/nagios/
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