沃趣科技 罗小波
导读
1、故事背景
2、复现与剖析
3、解决方法
4、总结
1、故事背景
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在开始之前,先列出数据库的运行环境信息
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操作系统:redhat 7.2 x8_64
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文件系统:xfs
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数据库版本:MySQL 5.7.17
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主机配置:
* CPU:32 vcpus
* 内存:128 G
* 磁盘:单盘intel SSD 320G(只存放mysql的data和binlog)
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主要配置参数设置:innodb_buffer_pool_size = 96G,innodb_log_file_size =
2G,innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT,sync_binlog =
1,innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1,innodb_thread_concurrency =
32,innodb_io_capacity = 20000,innodb_read_io_threads =
4,innodb_write_io_threads = 12,transaction_isolation =
READ-COMMITTED,performance_schema=ON,binlog_rows_query_log_events=ON
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该实例接入了高可用机制:HA心跳探测机制60S内发现实例持续探测失败时(每5秒探测一次),直接尝试关闭探测失败的MySQL实例和主机,进行高可用切换
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故事情节:
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前些天某客户反馈一个诡异的问题,一个MySQL实例一会可访问,一会不可访问,查看相关日志发现该实例反复执行高可用切换,在进行初略排查时,通过监控发现服务器故障时刻磁盘负载都较高,但是并没有完全用满。而在高可用切换之前,数据库中跑着一些insert…select语句和大量心跳检测语句,而心跳检测语句与业务表是独立的,且心跳检测语句只固定更新一行数据,怎么会被阻塞一堆心跳检测语句呢
?经过了一番折腾总算把原因找到了,具体过程请看下文!
2、复现与剖析
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经过初略的分析,虽然业务SQL和心跳SQL操作的是不同的表,不会出现锁等待问题,但是从show
processlist;的结果来看,业务SQL执行时间最长,而且不断有新的心跳语句被阻塞(当然,这里要先关掉HA的切换机制,否则待会复现操作时,过了60S就可能被切换了),看起来阻塞心跳SQL的很可能就是业务SQL。而且这些业务SQL操作的数据量多达3千万行(因为是insert…select语句,所以从慢日志或者innodb_trx表、sys.session视图中查看到的数据量实际上多达6KW,翻倍了)。但是两者之间有具体有什么关联无法直观地看出来。我们按照如下步骤进行了复现:
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2.1. 首先按照线上环境标准准备好复现环境,搭建了一台测试机
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2.2. 创建一张心跳表,插入一行数据
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root@localhost :test:33: > CREATE TABLE `xx_heartbeat` (
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`server_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
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`hb_time` datetime NOT NULL,
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PRIMARY KEY (`server_id`)
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) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_bin;
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root@localhost :test:33: > insert into xx_heartbeat values(@@server_id,now());
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root@localhost :test:33: > select * from xx_heartbeat;
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+-----------+---------------------+
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| server_id | hb_time |
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+-----------+---------------------+
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| 3306103 | 2017-10-11 12:33:26 |
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+-----------+---------------------+
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2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
2.3. 打开performance_schema中的等待事件采集(为了省事,这里使用sys schema下的函数操作,而不使用UPDATE语句直接修改performance_schema的配置表)
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root@localhost :test:34: > use sys
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Database changed
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root@localhost : sys:36: > call ps_setup_enable_instrument('wait');
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+-------------------------+
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| summary |
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+-------------------------+
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| Enabled 303 instruments |
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+-------------------------+
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1 row in set (0.04 sec)
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Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
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root@localhost : sys:36: > call ps_setup_enable_consumer('wait');
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+---------------------+
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| summary |
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+---------------------+
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| Enabled 3 consumers |
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+---------------------+
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1 row in set (0.01 sec)
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Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
2.4. 开4个MySQL会话连接,依次对4张不同的表执行insert…select操作,表数据量都为3KW(测试数据为使用sysbench造的4张3KW数据的表)
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# 会话1
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ADMIN@127.0.0.1 : (none):15: > use sbtest;
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Database changed
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ADMIN@127.0.0.1 : sbtest:37: > insert sbtest1(k,c,pad) select k,c,pad from sbtest1;
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# 会话2
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ADMIN@127.0.0.1 : (none):15: > use sbtest;
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Database changed
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ADMIN@127.0.0.1 : sbtest:37: > insert sbtest3(k,c,pad) select k,c,pad from sbtest3;
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# 会话3
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ADMIN@127.0.0.1 : (none):18: > use sbtest;
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Database changed
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ADMIN@127.0.0.1 : sbtest:37: > insert sbtest2(k,c,pad) select k,c,pad from sbtest2;
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# 会话4
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ADMIN@127.0.0.1 : (none):18: > use sbtest;
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Database changed
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ADMIN@127.0.0.1 : sbtest:37: > insert sbtest4(k,c,pad) select k,c,pad from sbtest4
2.5.
对心跳表进行更新,持续间隔每5秒一次执行,数十分钟之后,发现心跳SQL被阻塞了,如果HA切换机制没关,阻塞心跳SQL超过60S就会发生切换了,关闭HA切换机制之后,自动心跳会停止检测,所以这里人工模拟了一条心跳SQL,使用脚本循环每5秒更新一次,脚本在发现有阻塞时也会同时打印show
processlist和sys.session视图信息,脚本链接:http://5d096a11.wiz03.com/share/s/1t2mEh0a-kl_2c2NZ33kSiac2wQRmx1ykAEE23yLIT3aKVmx)
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# 心跳SQL语句(可手工每5秒执行这句,不过肯定手会酸。。不过为了方便大家阅读,在复现过程中采用了用脚本持续检测,发现有语句阻塞时立即手工方式执行心跳语句,以方便截取)
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ADMIN@127.0.0.1 :test:01: > update xx_heartbeat set hb_time=now() where server_id=@@server_id;
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Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
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Rows matched: 1 Changed: 0 Warnings: 0
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ADMIN@127.0.0.1 :test:01: > update xx_heartbeat set hb_time=now() where server_id=@@server_id
2.6. 立即新开一个会话连接查看数据库正在做什么,可以发现4个会话的insert…select语句,以及心跳SQL update xx_heartbeat…
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ADMIN@127.0.0.1 : sys:25: > show processlist;
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+-----+-------+--------------------+--------+---------+------+-----------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info |
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+-----+-------+--------------------+--------+---------+------+-----------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| 25 | ADMIN | 127.0.0.1:35458 | sys | Query | 0 | starting | show processlist |
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| 26 | ADMIN | 127.0.0.1:35459 | sbtest | Query | 1353 | query end | insert sbtest1(k,c,pad) select k,c,pad from sbtest1 |
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| 27 | ADMIN | 127.0.0.1:35460 | sbtest | Query | 1352 | query end | insert sbtest3(k,c,pad) select k,c,pad from sbtest3 |
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| 30 | ADMIN | 127.0.0.1:35463 | sbtest | Query | 1352 | query end | insert sbtest2(k,c,pad) select k,c,pad from sbtest2 |
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| 31 | ADMIN | 127.0.0.1:35464 | sbtest | Query | 1351 | query end | insert sbtest4(k,c,pad) select k,c,pad from sbtest4 |
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| 52 | ADMIN | 127.0.0.1:35485 | test | Query | 62 | query end | update xx_heartbeat set hb_time=now() where server_id=@@server_id |
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| 151 | qfha | 10.10.40.167:51328 | NULL | Query | 562 | starting | SHOW BINARY LOGS |
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......
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| 160 | qfha | 10.10.40.167:51337 | NULL | Query | 22 | starting | SHOW BINARY LOGS |
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+-----+-------+--------------------+--------+---------+------+-----------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
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16 rows in set (0.00 sec)
2.7. 查看服务器负载情况怎样
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# top
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top - 22:51:21 up 3 days, 6:54, 9 users, load average: 5.74, 3.39, 1.70
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Tasks: 980 total, 1 running, 979 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
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Cpu(s): 0.4%us, 0.4%sy, 0.0%ni, 97.3%id, 1.9%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st
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Mem: 131804428k total, 129297568k used, 2506860k free, 282052k buffers
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Swap: 7974908k total, 106080k used, 7868828k free, 33743992k cached
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PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
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22080 mysql 20 0 86.1g 71g 12m S 23.8 57.0 602:42.90 mysqld
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29121 qemu 20 0 17.5g 8.2g 6160 S 6.9 6.5 140:51.21 qemu-kvm
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20475 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.7 0.0 0:28.71 xfs-cil/dm-6
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18272 root 20 0 15692 1952 924 R 0.3 0.0 0:00.33 top
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1 root 20 0 19356 1408 1228 S 0.0 0.0 0:02.14 init
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2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 kthreadd
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3 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.28 migration/0
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......
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# free
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#free -m
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total used free shared buffers cached
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Mem: 128715 121616 7099 0 275 28429
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-/+ buffers/cache: 92911 35803
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Swap: 7787 88 7699
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# vmstat
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[root@10-10-66-229 ~]# vmstat 1 10
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procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu-----
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r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st
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2 1 90392 2484712 281996 33758712 0 0 0 266326 14803 19717 9 1 87 3 0
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7 1 90392 2454332 281996 33787004 0 0 0 263063 14746 18893 10 1 87 2 0
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4 10 90392 2427820 281996 33814484 0 0 0 266977 13522 18440 10 1 87 2 0
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4 0 90392 2399888 281996 33840928 0 0 0 254064 14727 18820 10 1 87 2 0
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4 1 90392 2373260 281996 33865532 0 0 0 255281 15479 19072 10 0 88 2 0
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4 1 90392 2344072 281996 33894036 0 0 16 261650 13296 18970 10 0 87 2 0
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5 0 90392 2316840 281996 33920892 0 0 0 253947 12292 18442 10 1 88 2 0
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4 0 90392 2289436 281996 33947748 0 0 0 273755 13894 19790 10 1 87 3 0
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4 0 90392 2258064 281996 33977544 0 0 0 265602 12351 18488 10 0 87 2 0
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5 1 90392 2230940 281996 34005292 0 0 0 269967 12720 19439 9 0 88 2 0
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......
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# iostat
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[root@10-10-66-229 ~]# vmstat -x 1 10
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......
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avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle
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10.28 0.00 0.50 2.51 0.00 86.72
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Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rsec/s wsec/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util
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sdc 0.00 1031.00 0.00 6041.00 0.00 537654.00 89.00 13.20 2.19 0.16 94.10
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......
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avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle
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9.83 0.00 0.53 2.54 0.00 87.10
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Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rsec/s wsec/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util
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sdc 0.00 891.00 0.00 6034.00 0.00 524171.00 86.87 12.78 2.12 0.16 94.70
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......
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2.8.
从2.6与2.7步骤中查看到的信息来说,服务器的CPU和内存并不是瓶颈,磁盘负载虽然较高且偶尔会用到swap且有2~3%左右的IOWAIT,但是也不至于完全堵死一条单行更新的心跳SQL,而且业务SQL与心跳SQL是不同的表,也不存在表锁和事务锁相互阻塞的问题(使用sys.innodb_lock_waits视图查过,锁等待信息为空)。而从mysql的show
processlist信息来看,看不出这些SQL有什么关联,只能看到这些SQL处于query
end的状态时间比较长,明显不正常,另外还有一些show binary logs语句
,该语句是监控系统监控binlog的大小使用的语句,而且这个语句不断增多,看起来像是binlog的访问出现了问题
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2.9. 这个时候,通常使用的排查手段已经相形见拙了,我们启用sys schema,新开一个会话连接,使用session视图来查查这些活跃会话正在执行的SQL到底正在做什么?
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ADMIN@127.0.0.1 : sys:25: > select * from session where conn_id!=connection_id()\G;
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*************************** 1. row ***************************
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thd_id: 60
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conn_id: 26
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user: ADMIN@127.0.0.1
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db: sbtest
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command: Query
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state: query end
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time: 6355
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current_statement: insert sbtest1(k,c,pad) select k,c,pad from sbtest1 # 操作sbtest1表的业务SQL
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statement_latency: 22.58 m
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progress: NULL
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lock_latency: 1.25 ms
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rows_examined: 60000000
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rows_sent: 0
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rows_affected: 0
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tmp_tables: 1
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tmp_disk_tables: 1
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full_scan: YES
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last_statement: NULL
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last_statement_latency: NULL
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current_memory: 0 bytes
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last_wait: wait/synch/cond/sql/MYSQL_BIN_LOG::COND_done # 发现连接ID为26的会话执行insert...select语句时在等待这个事件(binlog的COND_done互斥对象)
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last_wait_latency: Still Waiting #该字段值为"Still Waiting"表示这个线程目前一直在等待last_wait字段显示的事件
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source: binlog.cc:1949 #发生等待事件的源码文件和代码行数在这里
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trx_latency: NULL
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trx_state: NULL
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trx_autocommit: NULL
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pid: 4571
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program_name: mysql
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*************************** 2. row ***************************
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thd_id: 61
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conn_id: 27
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......
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current_statement: insert sbtest3(k,c,pad) select k,c,pad from sbtest3
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statement_latency: 22.57 m
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......
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last_wait: wait/synch/mutex/sql/MYSQL_BIN_LOG::LOCK_log # 发现连接ID为27的会话执行insert...select语句时在等待这个事件(binlog的LOCK_log互斥锁)
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last_wait_latency: Still Waiting # 解释同第一行信息相同字段
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source: binlog.cc:8587 # 解释同第一行信息相同字段
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......
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*************************** 3. row ***************************
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thd_id: 64
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conn_id: 30
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......
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current_statement: insert sbtest2(k,c,pad) select k,c,pad from sbtest2 #操作sbtest2表的业务SQL
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statement_latency: 22.57 m
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......
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last_wait: wait/synch/cond/sql/MYSQL_BIN_LOG::COND_done # 发现连接ID为30的会话执行insert...select语句时在等待这个事件(binlog的COND_done对象)
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last_wait_latency: Still Waiting # 解释同第一行信息相同字段
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source: binlog.cc:1949 # 解释同第一行信息相同字段
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......
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*************************** 4. row ***************************
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thd_id: 65
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conn_id: 31
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user: ADMIN@127.0.0.1
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db: sbtest
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command: Query
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state: query end
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time: 6353
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current_statement: insert sbtest4(k,c,pad) select k,c,pad from sbtest4 #操作sbtest4表的业务SQL
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statement_latency: 22.55 m
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progress: NULL
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lock_latency: 1.55 ms
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rows_examined: 60000000
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rows_sent: 0
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rows_affected: 0
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tmp_tables: 1
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tmp_disk_tables: 1
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full_scan: YES
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last_statement: NULL
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last_statement_latency: NULL
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current_memory: 0 bytes
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# 发现连接ID为31的会话执行insert...select语句时在等待这个事件(正在执行binlog的文件IO操作,说明在写binlog cache到binlog file,但这里只是写到文件系统的buffer,并不是sync)
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last_wait: wait/io/file/sql/binlog
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last_wait_latency: Still Waiting # 解释同第一行信息相同字段
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source: mf_iocache.c:1566 # 解释同第一行信息相同字段
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trx_latency: NULL
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trx_state: NULL
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trx_autocommit: NULL
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pid: 4881
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program_name: mysql
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......
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*************************** 5. row ***************************
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thd_id: 185
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conn_id: 151
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user: qfha@10.10.40.167
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db: sys
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command: Query
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state: starting
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time: 564
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current_statement: SHOW BINARY LOGS
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statement_latency: 9.40 m
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progress: NULL
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lock_latency: 0 ps
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rows_examined: 0
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rows_sent: 0
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rows_affected: 0
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tmp_tables: 0
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tmp_disk_tables: 0
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full_scan: NO
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last_statement: NULL
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last_statement_latency: NULL
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current_memory: 0 bytes
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last_wait: wait/synch/mutex/sql/MYSQL_BIN_LOG::LOCK_log
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last_wait_latency: Still Waiting
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source: rpl_master.cc:707
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trx_latency: NULL
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trx_state: NULL
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trx_autocommit: NULL
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pid: NULL
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program_name: NULL
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*************************** 6. row ***************************
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......
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*************************** 11. row ***************************
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thd_id: 86
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conn_id: 52
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user: ADMIN@127.0.0.1
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db:test
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command: Query
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state: query end
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time: 244
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current_statement: update xx_heartbeat set hb_ ... () where server_id=@@server_id #操作心跳表的SQL
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statement_latency: 1.07 m
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progress: NULL
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lock_latency: 219.00 us
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rows_examined: 1
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rows_sent: 0
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rows_affected: 0
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tmp_tables: 0
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tmp_disk_tables: 0
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full_scan: NO
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last_statement: NULL
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last_statement_latency: NULL
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current_memory: 0 bytes
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last_wait: wait/synch/cond/sql/MYSQL_BIN_LOG::COND_done # 发现连接ID为52的会话执行心跳SQL语句时在等待这个事件
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last_wait_latency: Still Waiting # 解释同第一行信息相同字段
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source: binlog.cc:1949 # 解释同第一行信息相同字段
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trx_latency: NULL
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trx_state: NULL
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trx_autocommit: NULL
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pid: 6772
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program_name: mysql
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