Linux下Nagios的安装与配置<<二>>
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未完，还有Linux下Nagios的安装与配置<< 三 >>
localhost.cfg
Definehost{
Use linux-server ; Name of host template to use
; This host definition will inherit all variables that are defined
; in (or inherited by) the linux-server host template definition.
Host_name Nagios-Server
Alias Nagios-Server
Address 127.0.0.1
}
definehostgroup{
hostgroup_name linux-servers ; The name of the hostgroup
Alias Linux Servers ; Long name of thegroup
members Nagios-Server ; Comma separated listof hosts that belong to this group
}
defineservice{
Use local-service ; Name of service template to use
Host_name Nagios-Server
service_description PING
check_command check_ping!100.0,20%!500.0,60%
}
Defineservice{
use local-service ; Name of service template to use
host_name Nagios-Server
service_description Root Partition
check_command check_local_disk!20%!10%!/
}
defineservice{
use local-service ; Name of service template to use
host_name Nagios-Server
service_description Current Users
check_command check_local_users!20!50
}
defineservice{
use local-service ; Name of service template to use
host_name Nagios-Server
service_description Total Processes
check_command check_local_procs!250!400!RSZDT
}
Defineservice{
Use local-service ; Name of service template to use
host_name Nagios-Server
service_description Current Load
check_command check_local_load!5.0,4.0,3.0!10.0,6.0,4.0
}
defineservice{
use local-service ; Name of service template to use
host_name Nagios-Server
service_description Swap Usage
check_command check_local_swap!20!10
}
defineservice{
Use local-service ; Name of service template to use
host_name Nagios-Server
service_description SSH
check_command check_ssh
notifications_enabled 0
}
defineservice{
Use local-service ; Name of service template to use
host_name Nagios-Server
service_description HTTP
check_command check_http
notifications_enabled 0
}
windows.cfg，本实验主要采用组进行配置，此文档不删掉不使，下面配置供参考。
definehost{
use windows-server ; Inherit default values from a template
host_name Nagios-Windows ; The name we're giving to this host
alias My Windows Server ; A longer name associated with the host
address 192.168.1.113 ; IP address of the host
}
definehostgroup{
hostgroup_name windows-servers ; The name of the hostgroup
alias Windows Servers ; Long name of thegroup
}
defineservice{
use generic-service
host_name Nagios-Windows
service_description NSClient++ Version
check_command check_nt!CLIENTVERSION
}
defineservice{
use generic-service
host_name Nagios-Windows
service_description Uptime
check_command check_nt!UPTIME
}
defineservice{
use generic-service
host_name Nagios-Windows
service_description CPU Load
check_command check_nt!CPULOAD!-l 5,80,90
}
defineservice{
use generic-service
host_name Nagios-Windows
service_description Memory Usage
check_command check_nt!MEMUSE!-w 80 -c 90
}
defineservice{
use generic-service
host_name Nagios-Windows
service_description C:\ Drive Space
check_command check_nt!USEDDISKSPACE!-l c -w 80 -c90
}
defineservice{
use generic-service
host_name Nagios-Windows
service_description W3SVC
check_command check_nt!SERVICESTATE!-d SHOWALL -lW3SVC
}
defineservice{
use generic-service
host_name Nagios-Windows
service_description Explorer
check_command check_nt!PROCSTATE!-d SHOWALL -lExplorer.exe
}
e. services.cfg文件
此文件默认也不存在，需要手动创建，services.cfg文件主要用于定义监控的服务和主机资源，例如监控http服务、ftp服务、主机磁盘空间、主机系统负载等等。Nagios-Server和Nagios-Windows相关服务已在相应的配置文件中定义，所以这里只需要定义Nagios-Linux相关服务即可，这里只定义一个检测是否存活的服务来验证配置文件的正确性，其他服务的定义将在后面讲到。
define service{
use local-service ; #引用local-service服务的属性值，local-service在templates.cfg文件中进行了定义。
host_name Nagios-Linux ; #指定要监控哪个主机上的服务，“Nagios-Server”在hosts.cfg文件中进行了定义。
service_description PING ; #对监控服务内容的描述，以供维护人员参考。
contact_groups linuxcontact
check_command check-host-alive ; #指定检查的命令。
}
define service{
use local-service
host_name Nagios-Linux
service_description CurrentLoad
contact_groups linuxcontact
check_command check_nrpe!check_load
}
define service{
use local-service
host_name Nagios-Linux
service_description TotalProcesses
contact_groups linuxcontact
check_command check_nrpe!check_total_procs
}
define service{
use local-service
host_name Nagios-Linux
service_description CurrentUsers
contact_groups linux contact
check_command check_nrpe!check_users
}
define service{
use local-service
host_name Nagios-Linux
service_description CheckZombie Procs
contact_groups linuxcontact
check_command check_nrpe!check_zombie_procs
}
define service{
use local-service
host_name Nagios-Linux
service_description Check Swap
contact_groups linux contact
check_command check_nrpe!check_swap
}
# SERVICE DEFINITIONS
#
###############################################################################
# Create a service for monitoring the versionof NSCLient++ that is installed
# Change the host_name to match the name ofthe host you defined above
define service{
use generic-service
host_name Nagios-Windows
service_description NSClient++Version
contact_groups windowscontact
check_command check_nt!CLIENTVERSION
}
# Create a service for monitoring the uptimeof the server
# Change the host_name to match the name ofthe host you defined above
define service{
use generic-service
host_name Nagios-Windows
service_description Uptime
contact_groups windowscontact
check_command check_nt!UPTIME
}
# Create a service for monitoring CPU load
# Change the host_name to match the name ofthe host you defined above
define service{
use generic-service
host_name Nagios-Windows
service_description CPU Load
contact_groups windowscontact
check_command check_nt!CPULOAD!-l 5,80,90
}
# Create a service for monitoring memoryusage
# Change the host_name to match the name ofthe host you defined above
define service{
use generic-service
host_name Nagios-Windows
service_description MemoryUsage
contact_groups windowscontact
check_command check_nt!MEMUSE!-w 80 -c 90
}
# Create a service for monitoring C:\ diskusage
# Change the host_name to match the name ofthe host you defined above
define service{
use generic-service
host_name Nagios-Windows
service_description C:\ DriveSpace
contact_groups windowscontact
check_command check_nt!USEDDISKSPACE!-l c -w 80 -c 90
}
# Create a service for monitoring the W3SVCservice
# Change the host_name to match the name ofthe host you defined above
define service{
use generic-service
host_name Nagios-Windows
service_description W3SVC
contact_groups windowscontact
check_command check_nt!SERVICESTATE!-d SHOWALL -l W3SVC
}
# Create a service for monitoring theExplorer.exe process
# Change the host_name to match the name ofthe host you defined above
define service{
use generic-service
host_name Nagios-Windows
service_description Explorer
contact_groups windowscontact
check_command check_nt!PROCSTATE!-d SHOWALL -l Explorer.exe
}
f. contacts.cfg，contactgroup.cfg文件，默认不存在，需手动创建！
contacts.cfg是一个定义联系人和联系人组的配置文件，当监控的主机或者服务出现故障，nagios会通过指定的通知方式（邮件或者短信）将信息发给这里指定的联系人或者使用者。contactgroup.cfg定义联系人组的配置文件，注意：members选项里面的联系人在contacts.cfg里面要要定义，多个联系从之间用逗号隔开。
contacts.cfg下面的配置文档
definecontact{
contact_name echo ; Short name of user
use generic-contact ; Inheritdefault values from generic-contact template (defined above)
alias linux contact ; Full name of user
email test1@163.com ; <<***** CHANGE THIS TO YOUREMAIL ADDRESS ******
}
definecontact{
contact_name jason ; Short name of user
use generic-contact ; Inheritdefault values from generic-contact template (defined above)
alias windows contact ; Full name of user
email test2@qq.com ; <<***** CHANGE THIS TO YOUREMAIL ADDRESS ******
}
definecontact{
contact_name johnson ; Short name of user
use generic-contact ; Inheritdefault values from generic-contact template (defined above)
alias windows and linuxcontact ; Full name of user
email test3@qq.com ; <<***** CHANGE THIS TOYOUR EMAIL ADDRESS ******
}
contactgroup.cfg下面的配置文档
# We only have one contact in this simpleconfiguration file, so there is
# no need to create more than one contactgroup.
define contactgroup{
contactgroup_name linuxcontact
alias linuxserver contact
members echo,johnson
}
define contactgroup{
contactgroup_name windows contact
alias windowsserver contact
members jason,johnson
}
define contactgroup{
contactgroup_name allcontact
alias linux andwindows server contact
members jason,echo,johnson
}
g. timeperiods.cfg文件
此文件只要用于定义监控的时间段，下面是一个配置好的实例：也可以根据自己需求监控情况进行配置。
#下面是定义一个名为24x7的时间段，即监控所有时间段
definetimeperiod{
timeperiod_name 24x7 #时间段的名称,这个地方不要有空格
alias 24 Hours A Day, 7 Days A Week
sunday 00:00-24:00
monday 00:00-24:00
tuesday 00:00-24:00
wednesday 00:00-24:00
thursday 00:00-24:00
friday 00:00-24:00
saturday 00:00-24:00
}
#下面是定义一个名为workhours的时间段，即工作时间段。
definetimeperiod{
timeperiod_name workhours
alias Normal Work Hours
monday 09:00-17:00
tuesday 09:00-17:00
wednesday 09:00-17:00
thursday 09:00-17:00
friday 09:00-17:00
}
h. cgi.cfg文件
此文件用来控制相关cgi脚本，如果想在nagios的web监控界面执行cgi脚本，例如重启nagios进程、关闭nagios通知、停止nagios主机检测等，这时就需要配置cgi.cfg文件了。
由于nagios的web监控界面验证用户为david，所以只需在cgi.cfg文件中添加此用户的执行权限就可以了，需要修改的配置信息如下：
default_user_name=david
authorized_for_system_information=nagiosadmin,david
authorized_for_configuration_information=nagiosadmin,david
authorized_for_system_commands=david
authorized_for_all_services=nagiosadmin,david
authorized_for_all_hosts=nagiosadmin,david
authorized_for_all_service_commands=nagiosadmin,david
authorized_for_all_host_commands=nagiosadmin,david
i. nagios.cfg文件
nagios.cfg默认的路径为/usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg，是nagios的核心配置文件，所有的对象配置文件都必须在这个文件中进行定义才能发挥其作用，这里只需将对象配置文件在Nagios.cfg文件中进行引用即可。
log_file=/usr/local/nagios/var/nagios.log #定义nagios日志文件的路径
#cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/commands.cfg # “cfg_file”变量用来引用对象配置文件，如果有更多的对象配置文件，在这里依次添加即可。
#cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/contacts.cfg#默认开启，需注销
#cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/hosts.cfg#默认开启，需注销
#cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/services.cfg #默认开启，需注销
#cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/timeperiods.cfg#默认开启，需注销
#cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/templates.cfg#默认开启，需注销
#cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/localhost.cfg #本机配置文件,默认开启，需注销
#cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/windows.cfg # windows主机配置文件默认开启，需注销
cfg_dir=/usr/local/nagios/etc/servers #servers文件默认不存在，需手动创建
#object_cache_file=/usr/local/nagios/var/objects.cache #该变量用于指定一个“所有对象配置文件”的副本文件，或者叫对象缓冲文件
precached_object_file=/usr/local/nagios/var/objects.precache
resource_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/resource.cfg #该变量用于指定nagios资源文件的路径，可以在nagios.cfg中定义多个资源文件。
status_file=/usr/local/nagios/var/status.dat #该变量用于定义一个状态文件，此文件用于保存nagios的当前状态、注释和宕机信息等。
status_update_interval=10 #该变量用于定义状态文件（即status.dat）的更新时间间隔，单位是秒，最小更新间隔是1秒。
nagios_user=nagios #该变量指定了Nagios进程使用哪个用户运行。
nagios_group=nagios #该变量用于指定Nagios使用哪个用户组运行。
check_external_commands=1 #该变量用于设置是否允许nagios在web监控界面运行cgi命令;
#也就是是否允许nagios在web界面下执行重启nagios、停止主机/服务检查等操作;
# “1”为运行，“0”为不允许。
command_check_interval=10s #该变量用于设置nagios对外部命令检测的时间间隔，如果指定了一个数字加一个"s"(如10s);
#那么外部检测命令的间隔是这个数值以秒为单位的时间间隔;
#如果没有用"s"，那么外部检测命令的间隔是以这个数值的“时间单位”的时间间隔。
interval_length=60 #该变量指定了nagios的时间单位，默认值是60秒，也就是1分钟;
#即在nagios配置中所有的时间单位都是分钟。
6.4验证Nagios配置文件的正确性
Nagios在验证配置文件方面做的非常到位，只需通过一个命令即可完成：
#/usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios -v /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg
Nagios提供的这个验证功能非常有用，在错误信息中通常会打印出错误的配置文件以及文件中的哪一行，这使得nagios的配置变得非常容易，报警信息通常是可以忽略的，因为一般那些只是建议性的。
看到上面这些信息就说明没问题了，然后启动Nagios服务。
七、Nagios的启动与停止
7.1启动Nagios
a.通过初始化脚本启动nagios
#/etc/init.d/nagios start
or
# service nagios start
b.手工方式启动nagios
通过nagios命令的“-d”参数来启动nagios守护进程：
#/usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios -d /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg
7.2重启Nagios
当修改了配置文件让其生效时，需要重启/重载Nagios服务。
a.通过初始化脚本来重启nagios
#/etc/init.d/nagios reload
or
# /etc/init.d/nagios restart
or
# service nagios restart
b.通过web监控页重启nagios
可以通过web监控页的 "ProcessInfo" -> "Restart the Nagios process"来重启nagios
c.手工方式平滑重启
#kill -HUP
7.3停止Nagios
a.通过初始化脚本关闭nagios服务
#/etc/init.d/nagios stop
or
# service nagios stop
b.通过web监控页停止nagios
可以通过web监控页的 "ProcessInfo" -> "Shutdown the Nagios process"来停止nagios
c.手工方式停止Nagios
#kill
八、查看初步配置情况
8.1启动完成之后，登录Nagios Web监控页http://192.168.1.108/nagios/查看相关信息。
8.2点击左面的Current Status -> Hosts可以看到所定义的三台主机已经全部UP了。
8.3点击Current Status -> Services查看服务监控情况。
看到Nagios-Linux和Nagios-Server的服务状态已经OK了，但是Nagios-Windows的服务状态为CRITICAL，StatusInformation提示Connection refused。因为Nagios-Windows上还未安装插件，内部服务还无法查看，所以出现这种情况。将在下面具体讲解。
本文名称：Linux下Nagios的安装与配置<<二>>
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